piątek, 18 lipca 2014

Po Bitwie Warszawskiej

O Bitwie Warszawskiej pisałem już wcześniej na stronie:http://legionypolskie.blogspot.com/2013/08/rocznica-cudu-nad-wisa.html#comment-formTeraz więc chciałbym poruszyć te mniej znane aspekty, np. w kwestii jeńców wojennych. To ważny temat, bo zawsze, gdy ze strony polskiej pada hasło "Katyń 1941", to Rosjanie natychmiast ripostują: "Obozy jenieckie w Strzałkowie, Dąbiu, Pikulicach i Wadowicach". Pod koniec 1919 r., gdy wojna polsko-bolszewicka dopiero się zaczynała, w w.wym. miejscowościach utworzono obozy jenieckie (zdjęcie "1023 a1")
dla żołnierzy sowieckich (ok. 7.000) i bliżej nieokreślonej ilości uchodźców z Rosji.


Obie grupy osadzonych przebywały w oddzielnych barakach, jednak fatalne warunki sanitarne, panujący wszędzie głód, a szczególnie szalejąca w Europie pandemia grypy spowodowały niezwykle wysoką śmiertelność wśród osadzonych. Strona polska ocenia, że w ciągu trzech lat w polskiej niewoli zmarło 16-18 tys. jeńców rosyjskich - 8 tys. w Strzałkowie, 2 tys. w Tucholi i 6-8 tys. w innych obozach. Według danych rosyjskich śmierć poniosło prawie 70 tys. osób. O szczegółach można poczytać np. na stronie:http://blogi.newsweek.pl/Tekst/polityka-polska/532299,Obozy-jenieckie-i-sytuacja-sowieckich-jencow-w-ii-rzeczpospolitej.htmli tutaj:http://wyborcza.pl/1,76842,7780167,straszny_los_sowieckich_jencow.html


To nie był jednak największy dramat jaki pod koniec 1920 r. świat ujrzał po opadnięciu "wojennego kurzu" na polach bitewnych. Niejako "u boku" Piłsudskiego do wojny z Rosją przystąpiła Ukraina pod wodzą młodego "Naczelnego Atamana Symeona Petlury". Ten niedoszły duchowny, dziennikarz, krytyk, i w sumie zdeklarowany humanista
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/07/Pilsudski-Petlura_1920_Kiev.jpg
przywiązywał szczególną wagę do regulacji i unormowania stosunków niezwykle zróżnicowanej społeczności ukraińskiej. W czasach wojennych nie znalazł zrozumienia ani u Polaków, ani u Piłsudskiego. 
     

Ukraina w konsekwencji rozbratu z Piłsudskim utraciła niepodległość na rzecz Rosji (co widać nawet dzisiaj), a skutki tego okazały się niezwykle tragiczne. Wielki, i niezwykle wyrafinowany plan Stalina walki z burżujami doprowadził do głodowej śmierci prawie 6 milionów Ukraińców, i masowej emigracji na Zachód. Petlura, zamordowany na emigracji w Paryżu, do dzisiaj budzi wiele kontrowersji zarówno co do identyfikacji morderców (podejrzewa się, że złapany działacz żydowski był agentem tajnych służb Rosji) jak i prowadzonej przez siebie polityki.   


W październiku 1920 r. rozpoczęły się i toczyły do marca 1921 r. pertraktacje związane z zawarciem traktatu ryskiego. O ile militarny sukces Polski nie podlegał dyskusji, to w politycznym stanowisku zaznaczyły się dwie opcje. Według Piłsudskiego miała to być federacja państw powstałych na obszarach zajmowanych przez Polskę przedrozbiorową, a więc obejmującą kraje bałtyckie, Białoruś i Ukrainę. Endecy pod wodzą Dmowskiego proponowali 

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/Liniadmowskiego.png
bardziej ugodową i stabilną (ich zdaniem) opcję "status quo", praktycznie ograniczającą się do terenów zajętych przez wojska polskie. 


Poniżej delegacja polska na rozmowy o zawieszeniu broni i zawarciu pokoju z Rosją Sowiecką 1920. Od lewej siedzą: Władysław Kiernik, płk Kuliński, Jan Dąbski, Stanisław Grabski, Leon Wasilewski. Stoją: Wichliński, Witold Kamieniecki, Norbert Barlicki, Adam Mieczkowski, Waszkiewicz. Źródło: Album Zjednoczenia, Warszawa 1934 / Wikipedia 
http://kresy24.pl/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/TraktatRyski-dyplomacja-wojna1920-historia.jpg

W tych warunkach delegacja polska (na zdjęciu wyżej) uzyskała status prawny na wiele lat hamujący wszelkie akcje niepodległościowe i w zasadzie zadowalający Rosję i zachodnią część Europy. 
.



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    1. Obaj panowie ludobójcy wydają się "być po jednych pieniądzach".
      Ten "widok pocztówkowy" też mi się podoba, chociaż jest nielegalny, bo nie miałem zgody na taki fotomontaż obrazów/zdjęć. Ale myślę, że cel uświęcił środki, bo przecież chodziło o sławę oręża polskiego. ;)

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